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Archive For: Church History

Scholastic Theology and the Rise of Mendicant Orders

I. The Rise of the Mendicant Orders

A. Before the 12th century: secular & regular clergy

B. Friars/ mendicants: (observant/conventual, calsed/discaled)

  • Carmelites (O Carm.) founded in 1154
  • Francisians (O.F.M.)
  • Dominicans (O.P.)
  • Augustinian Hermits (O.E.S.A.)

Friars and Mendicants had general …

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The Filioque Controversy…Who sends the Son?

The first issue to look at comes from Augustine’s doctrine of the double precession of the Holy Spirit.

A. The doctrine of the Trinity: A Historical Overview. The Trinity is in & behind the New Testament. The doctrine is not …

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The Controversy over Iconoclasm

A. Preliminary definitions: icons and iconoclasm.

(1) An icon is a two-dimensional image, not 3-D (a picture, not a statue) The Second Council of Nicaea refined this definition to allow for bas-relief (Low relief).

(2) An iconoclast is one who …

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The Eucharistic Controversies 1A.D. to 1215

A. Patristic views: Ambrose & Augustine.

  1. Ambrose.

Even though they agreed on many things they differed on this point. Ambrose view was that of “metabolic realism” Here the two key elements, the bread and the wine really change into the …

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According to Calvin: Why is Predestination not Unjust

Definitions of Justice and Predestination

The idea of predestination being just has to include a discussion around what exactly Calvin thinks justice and predestination are. Justice can often be relegated in the human category to the idea of fairness. One …

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Luther’s Meaning of Freedom

The following essay defines Luther’s use of freedom. First, one will see that it is relegated to faith in the righteousness of Christ. Second, one will look at a couple of paragraphs that discuss the paradox of how freedom is …

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Anselm and Abelard

In Cur Deus Homo, a series of conversations between Anselm and his monk friend Boso center around the reason God took on human nature since it seems to be inappropriate for God to do so. Thus Anselm begins to address …

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Women Speaking Justified

Margaret Fell otherwise known as Margaret Fox was one the founders of the Religious Society of Friends and has often been called the mother of Quakerism. Fell married Thomas Fell who was a judge, and in this way she became …

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Athanausias On the Incarnation of the Word

Athanasius of Alexander was a bishop in the fourth century. During this time a presbyter by the name of Arius taught a heretical doctrine of Christ. Arius thought that there was a time before God the Father begat Jesus and …

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